Early PV deployment concentrated on standalone off-grid applications, and grid-connected systems were rare before the 1980s. The first hesitant steps towards grid connection focused on building integrated decentralised systems, but the European pilot programme did support some community scale projects, mainly in isolated island locations.
The first 1 MWp solar park was built by Arco Solar at Lugo near Hesperia, California at the end of 1982 (pictured left as it was when Philip Wolfe visited in 1983). This was followed in 1984 by a 5.2 MWp installation in Carrizo Plain. Both have since been decommissioned.
In 2004 a community-owned 4MW plant was built in Hemau. The next stage followed the 2004 revisions, to the German feed-in tariffs, starting with the 5MW Leipziger Land project in former Eastern Germany. Several hundred installations over 1 MWp have been since been installed in Germany, of which more than 50 are over 10 MWp.
With its introduction of feed-in tariffs in 2008, Spain became briefly the largest market, with some 60 solar parks over 10 MW, though this market has declined because these incentives were (rather aggressively) withdrawn.
More recently, the USA, China, India, France, Canada, and Italy, amongst others, have also become major markets. Our associate Wiki-Solar tracks and maps the ever-growing number of installations worldwide, and analyses global and regional trends, major sector participants and other relevant key data.
The largest solar parks currently operating have capacities of ¼ to ½ GWp, including First Solar's Agua Caliente plant in South-West Arizona, which was about half built when we visited in late 2011 (see left). Projects at a scale of 1 GWp are now being planned.
